When was jit created

Terms C. Terms D-E. Terms F-M. Terms N-O. Terms P-S. Terms T-Z. Key Takeaways The just-in-time JIT inventory system is a management strategy that minimizes inventory and increases efficiency.

Just-in-time manufacturing is also known as the Toyota Production System TPS because the car manufacturer Toyota adopted the system in the s. Kanban is a scheduling system often used in conjunction with JIT to avoid overcapacity of work in process.

The success of the JIT production process relies on steady production, high-quality workmanship, no machine breakdowns, and reliable suppliers. The terms short-cycle manufacturing, used by Motorola, and continuous-flow manufacturing, used by IBM, are synonymous with the JIT system.

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Active Asset An active asset can be a tangible or intangible asset used by a business in its daily or routine business operations. What You Should Know About Best Practices Best practices are a set of guidelines, ethics, or ideas that represent the most efficient or prudent course of action for a business or investor.

Kanban Definition Kanban is an inventory control system used in just-in-time JIT manufacturing to track production and order new shipments of parts and materials. Multi-process handling - a multi-skilled workforce has greater productivity, flexibility and job satisfaction.

Jidoka Autonomation - providing machines with the autonomous capability to use judgement, so workers can do more useful things than standing watching them work. Andon trouble lights - to signal problems to initiate corrective action. JIT - Background and History JIT is a Japanese management philosophy which has been applied in practice since the early s in many Japanese manufacturing organisations.

Workers are highly motivated to seek constant improvement upon that which already exists. Although high standards are currently being met, there exist even higher standards to achieve. Companies focus on group effort which involves the combining of talents and sharing knowledge, problem-solving skills, ideas and the achievement of a common goal. Work itself takes precedence over leisure. It is not unusual for a Japanese employee to work hour days.

How to cite. Description Since the Japanese manufacturers have demonstrated their ability to simultaneously achieve high levels of productivity and quality while producing a wide variety of products, Japanese management practices are often adopted by U. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Arogyaswamy, B. Simmons Google Scholar. The Japanese Approach to Productivity. Videotape Series. Burnham, J. Gilbert, J.

Ohno felt that such methods would not work in Japan - total domestic demand was low and the domestic marketplace demanded production of small quantities of many different models.

Accordingly Ohno devised a new system of production based on the elimination of waste. In his system waste was eliminated by:. In this system inventory stock is regarded as an unnecessary waste as too is having to deal with defects.

Ohno regarded waste as a general term including time and resources as well as materials. He identified a number of sources of waste that he felt should be eliminated:. However in Japan low demand meant that manufacturers faced price resistance, so if the selling price is fixed how can one increase the profit mark-up?

Obviously by reducing costs and hence a large focus of the system that Toyota implemented was to do with cost reduction. To aid in cost reduction Toyota instituted production levelling - eliminating unevenness in the flow of items. So if a component which required assembly had an associated requirement of during a 25 day working month then four were assembled per day, one every two hours in an eight hour working day.

Levelling was also applied to the flow of finished goods out of the factory and to the flow of raw materials into the factory. Toyota changed their factory layout.

Previously all machines of the same type, e. This meant that items had to be transported back and forth as they needed processing on different machines. To eliminate this transportation different machines were clustered together so items could move smoothly from one machine to another as they were processed. This meant that workers had to become skilled on more than one machine - previously workers were skilled at operating just one type of machine.

Although this initially met resistance from the workforce it was eventually overcome. Whilst we may think today that Japan has harmonious industrial relations with management and workers working together for the common good the fact is that, in the past, this has not been true.

In the immediate post Second World War period, for example, Japan had one of the worse strike records in the world. Toyota had a strike in for example. In the car maker Nissan suffered a four month strike - involving a lockout and barbed wire barricades to prevent workers returning to work.

That dispute ended with the formation of a company backed union, formed initially by members of the Nissan accounting department.

Striking workers who joined this new union received payment for the time spent on strike, a powerful financial inventive to leave their old union during such a long dispute. The slogan of this new union was " Those who truly love their union love their company ". In order to help the workforce to adapt to what was a very different production environment Ohno introduced the analogy of teamwork in a baton relay race. As you are probably aware typically in such races four runners pass a baton between themselves and the winning team is the one that crosses the finishing line first carrying the baton and having made valid baton exchanges between runners.

Within the newly rearranged factory floor workers were encouraged to think of themselves as members of a team - passing the baton processed items between themselves with the goal of reaching the finishing line appropriately.

If one worker flagged e. In order to have a method of controlling production the flow of items in this new environment Toyota introduced the kanban. The kanban is essentially information as to what has to be done.